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Arabidopsis thaliana
|synonyms = ''Arabis thaliana''
}}
''Arabidopsis thaliana'' ( thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis) is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia.〔Germplasm Resources Information Network: (''Arabidopsis thaliana'' )〕〔Biogeography of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae) Matthias H. Hoffmann, Journal of Biogeography, 29, 125±134, 2002〕〔Arabidopsis thalianaand its wild relatives: a model system for ecology and evolution, Thomas Mitchell-Olds, TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution Vol.16 No.12, pp.693-700 ,December 2001〕〔Molecular Ecology (2000) 9, 2109–2118, Genetic isolation by distance in Arabidopsis thaliana: biogeography and postglacial colonization of Europe Timothy F. Sharbel, Bernhard Haubold And Thomas Mitchell-Olds〕 ''A. thaliana'' is edible by humans and, as with other mustard greens, is used in salads or sautéed, like many species in the Brassicacea. A. thaliana is considered a weed, it is found by roadsides and in disturbed lands.〔Warwick S.I., Francis A. & Al-Shehbaz I.A. (2013). Brassicaceae species checklist and database (version 2, Oct 2009). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11 March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at () Species 2000: Reading, UK.〕 A winter annual with a relatively short life cycle, ''Arabidopsis'' is a popular model organism in plant biology and genetics. For a complex multicellular eukaryote, ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' has a relatively small genome of approximately 135 megabase pairs (Mbp).〔http://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/genAnnotation/gene_structural_annotation/agicomplete.jsp〕 It was long thought to have the smallest genome of all flowering plants,〔.. Arabidopsis has been reported to have the smallest genome known among flowering plants (Leutwileret al., 1984). In our survey Arabidopsis ...〕 but the smallest flowering plants' genomes are now considered to belong to plants in the genus ''Genlisea'', order Lamiales, with ''Genlisea tuberosa'', a carnivorous plant, showing a genome size of approximately 61 Mbp. ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, and is a popular tool for understanding the molecular biology of many plant traits, including flower development and light sensing.
==Discovery and name origin==
The plant was first described in 1577 in the Harz Mountains by Johannes Thal (1542–1583), a physician from Nordhausen, Thüringen, Germany, who called it ''Pilosella siliquosa''. In 1753, Carl Linnaeus renamed the plant ''Arabis thaliana'' in honor of Thal. In 1842, the German botanist Gustav Heynhold erected the new genus ''Arabidopsis'' and placed the plant in that genus. The genus name, ''Arabidopsis'', comes from Greek, meaning "resembling ''Arabis''" (the genus in which Linnaeus had initially placed it).
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